Tazria April 13th, 2024 5th of Nisan 5784 |
|
PARSHA IN PDF | ARCHIVES |
The Mitzva of Milah and Tzara'at Create a Bond with Hashem
Rabbi David Chananya Pinto
"On the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised" (Vayikra 12:3)
In these parshiot of Tazria and Metzora, we read about the topic of the metzora. Chazal point out that the word 'metzora' contains the same letters as 'motzi ra', implying that the cause of tzara'at is the sin of slander - speaking negatively against other people.
There is another allusion in this topic: Tzara'at is a form of suffering and through this suffering a person is cleansed and purified from all his sins. This is the idea of the conjugation: "When a woman conceives…On the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised." The parsha of brit milah is followed by the parsha of the metzora, to teach us that just as with the mitzva of milah the child connects to the covenant of Avraham Avinu – so too, the afflictions and suffering which a person endures from the tzara'at, remove the evil from him and connect him with Hashem Yitbarach. Afflictions always have a positive purpose; they come upon us for our good and one therefore shouldn't feel distressed when experiencing troubles.
The Mashgiach of Ponevezh, used to explain that tzara'at appears gradually. It is first noticeable on the house, which is something slightly distant from the person, but nevertheless a person needs his house for it protects him from the cold and heat. If he doesn’t realize that this befell him because of his sins – the tzara'at spreads to his clothes which cover a person's body and are thereby a step closer to him. If he still doesn’t repent, then the tzara'at will affect his body which is the closest thing to him. This serves as a lesson that a person shouldn’t become accustomed to blows and punishments from Hashem, but he should be sensitive to the message and arouse himself to consider Hashem's rebuke.
These stages serve as a lesson for us as to the ways of repentance. If a person takes the lesson from the affliction on his house or on his body and purifies himself and wishes to reconnect to Hashem, the purpose of the affliction has been achieved.
The Gemara (Berachot 61b) talks about the death of the holy Tana, Rabbi Akiva. "He was taken out to be killed at the exact time of reciting kriat shema. The Romans razed his flesh with iron combs, while Rabbi Akiva accepted upon himself the yoke of Heaven. His talmidim called out, 'Rabbeinu! To this degree?' He replied: "My entire life I was distressed about this verse, 'with all your soul – even if your soul is taken' and I wondered, when will I have the chance to fulfill this? Now that my chance has come I should not fulfill it?' Rabbi Akiva drew out the word 'echad' until his neshama left him. A heavenly voice came out and said, 'Fortunate are you Rabbi Akiva that your soul left you at 'echad'."
What is the meaning of "My entire life I was distressed about this verse…when will I have the chance to fulfill this"? It seems to be that when Rabbi Akiva recited kriat shema every day and said, "You shall love Hashem, your G-d, with all your heart, with all your soul", he was prepared to sacrifice himself for the sake of sanctifying Hashem's name, but he was hesitant. Who knows if he was merely phrasing a theoretical desire? Who can testify that if he was faced with the challenge he would indeed be prepared to sacrifice his soul for the sake of sanctifying Hashem's name?
These thoughts caused him distress every day, until the day arrived when they took him out to kill him and raked his flesh with iron combs. He suffered unbearable afflictions and was killed him in a horrifically cruel way. At that moment he accepted upon himself the yoke of heaven with joy. His talmidim cried out, "Rabbeinu! To this degree?" To this degree one must rejoice in serving Hashem? He replied, certainly. Now it is most fitting for me to rejoice for I can see that this quality, the willingness to sacrifice my soul for the sake of Heaven, is indeed sincere…
"Rabbi Akiva drew out the word 'echad' until his soul left him at 'echad'." This means that during the entire time that they were torturing him with terrible afflictions, he was clinging steadfastly to Hashem with extreme joy on being given the opportunity to fulfill this mitzva.
We cannot fathom the greatness of Rabbi Akiva. Rabbi Akiva possessed the neshama of Moshe Rabbeinu. Chazal tell us (Menachot 29b), "When Moshe went up to heaven, Hashem showed him Rabbi Akiva sitting and expounding from every tip of the aleph bet, mounds and mounds of laws. Moshe said, Ribbono Shel Olam, You have someone like this in Your world and You are giving the Torah through me?" He reasoned before Hashem that Rabbi Akiva was more fitting to give the Torah to Am Yisreal. Hashem said to him, "This is what I intended."
What a great lesson this is for us! If Rabbi Akiva, with his supreme greatness, didn’t believe in himself and was distressed his entire life because of this, how much more so are we obligated to be concerned about our yirat shamayim. May it be His will that we merit to cleave to Hashem and serve Him wholeheartedly. Amen.
Words of the Sages
When Guiding Interns Causes Discomfort
"To rule on which day it is contaminated and on which day it is purified; this is the law of tzara'at" (Vayikra 14:57)
An interesting halachic question was brought before HaGaon Rabbi Eliezer Yehuda Waldenberg shlita, the author of 'Titz Eliezer', which he answered based on the explanation of the Netziv of Volozhin on this verse.
A doctor in one of the Jerusalem hospitals, wished to know if it is permissible to instruct interns by the bedside of patients, if the purpose is to teach the students and not for the sake of helping the patient? Maybe this contradicts the 'Doctors Oath', where a doctor swears not to reveal the patient's condition to strangers?
The 'Tzitz Eliezer' answered that the oath is not a deterrent to guiding the interns, for when taking the oath every doctor knows that part of his career includes coaching interns by the patients' bedside, just as he was taken on the rounds when he studied medicine. This being the case, he certainly did not intend to include this in his oath.
There is also an additional calculation:
The rule "From my students more than from anyone" applies to every form of expertise. By explaining the case to the interns, and from the questions that will come up, it can often happen that the doctor considers a new angle for the benefit of the patient. So this practice of guiding the interns can also bring benefit to the patient.
However, there is a different perspective that one must consider when the doctor and the interns gather around the patient's bedside. If it involves exposing places on the body where the illness had an effect, especially if these are normally concealed places, this could involve embarrassment for the patient.
The 'Tzitz Eliezer' found an original proof for this idea from the words of the Netziv in his sefer 'Hamek Sha'alah'. The Netziv explained, according to the words of the Raavad in Torat Kohanim, that the words of the verse 'to rule', means that at the very time when the account comes before him, this is when the Kohen should teach. He would call his students to show them the kind of affliction and its particulars, on the day that it became contaminated and also on the day that it was purified.
This is how the verse ends: "This is the law of tzara'at" – to teach us that this law is not valid in every place, only here concerning tzara'at. For in truth, great shame is caused to the person when the students gather and look at the afflictions on his flesh, therefore definitely in other similar situations it is forbidden to do this, for this causes embarrassment to the person who has come to ask the Kohen about his status. But "This is the law of tzara'at" – this will serve as an atonement for him because he himself embarrassed someone else. This is how the Netziv explains the above verse.
If so, the 'Tzitz Eliezer' concluded his answer to the doctor, from here we can derive a proof that it is forbidden to show the patients' wounds to students, due to the prohibition of shaming other people. It is therefore in place that the doctor should ask the patient for his permission and if he does not consent one should avoid gathering the students around his bedside.
Walking in Their Ways
Unearthing Her Intended, Down Under
I was once receiving people in Marseille, at the home of Mr. Tzion Marciano, may he live long. In the evening, I was asked to speak at the Beit Hakeneset nearby. After this speech, I was extremely exhausted from my grueling schedule. But I overcame my weariness and continued seeing people there, as well. Harav Amram, shlita, who acted as Dayan in Marseille, was sitting at my side the entire time.
A couple came to me, together with their baby boy. The woman turned to me, animatedly. “Honored Rav, this baby was born in the merit of your prayers. I did not find my soul-mate for many long years. Throughout that difficult period, I would come to you, asking for your blessings. Eventually, you yourself were greatly distressed at my plight.
“Last year, when I came to you yet once again for a berachah, you suddenly turned to me and said, ‘Maybe your intended is in faraway Australia? Go there and try to rebuild your life on that continent. If nothing happens, return to Marseille. Hashem will help.’
“Whoever heard of my proposed adventure Down Under mocked me to my face. But I was determined to follow the word of the Rav and made the 20,000-kilometer trip around the world. But only one week went by before a match was proposed, from a family of chassidim and yirei Shamayim. Here is my soul-mate, standing before you. Baruch Hashem, we merited having a beautiful baby boy!
“Since the time I met my husband, I have helped him greatly in strengthening his commitment to Hashem and His Torah. Baruch Hashem, he now keeps Shabbat, wears tefillin, and has encouraged me to cover my hair and reinforce my loyalty to Judaism also.”
Greatly touched by her tale, I told Rav Amram that this is another indication of the tremendous power of my fathers, zy”a. Their merit allowed this woman to find her match, establish a family, and return to her Father.
Guard Your Tongue
Inscribed in the Book of Records
If someone is known as a ba'al lashon hara, meaning that he continually talks negatively about other people, if a person goes and sits with him, even if he doesn’t add anything to his words, he is nevertheless considered a sinner. He has transgressed the words of Chazal who have commanded us to stay far away from hearing unfit speech.
All the more so if he intends to listen to what they have to say – his sin is extremely great and will be inscribed in Heaven in the book of records.
From the Treasury
Rabbi David Chananya Pinto
Milah Protects from Punishment
"On the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised" (Vayikra 12:3)
Chazal z"l say (Devarim Rabba 6:1): "Why is a baby circumcised on the eighth day? Because Hashem had mercy on him to wait until he has strength." This shows us that it is only on the eighth day that the baby has the strength to be circumcised. Why is it that specifically from the eighth day he is strong enough to undergo brit milah?
We can explain it according to the Zohar Hakadosh (Tazria 44), who says that one circumcises a baby especially on the eighth day, in order that he should experience a Shabbat whereby he receives the neshama yeterah, the additional vital soul which is influenced by the holiness of Shabbat. With the arrival of this soul, the baby will then endure. The 'Ohr HaChaim Hakadosh' also writes (Bereishit 2:20), that before the arrival of Shabbat, the world was still weak and trembling; once Shabbat arrived the world was strengthened and established.
My esteemed and holy grandfather, Rabbeinu Yashayahu Pinto zya"a, asks why one circumcise the baby when it is only a few days old; why don’t we wait until he grows up? He answers that it is well-known that a person can only protect himself from his yetzer hara and from trouble that comes to the world, if he possesses Torah and mitzvot. The power of Torah is enormous and awesome and can guard him from any bad things which come to this world. It is a defense for any troubles, a protection from any mishap and saves him from the yetzer hara. The baby that has just been born – who can protect him? How can he be saved from the demons when he does not yet have the power of Torah and its segulah cannot protect him? Therefore Hashem commanded to circumcise this baby, and the merit of this mitzva is so great that it meanwhile serves as a protection for him until he grows up and can learn the holy Torah.
Through the mitzva of milah, a sign of the holy covenant, which is performed on the eighth day ('shemini' from the word 'neshama'), the neshama of the baby merits a connection with the awesome and honorable Name. This serves as a protection for him, both a spiritual protection from the yetzer hara, and also as a physical protection from any kinds of trouble which come to the world, until he grows up and starts to occupy himself with the holy Torah which will then serve as his protection.
Pearls of the Parsha
Material Abundance
"Upon the completion of the days of her purity for a son or for a daughter, she shall bring a sheep within its first year for a burnt-offering, and a young dove or a turtledove for a sin-offering" (Vayikra 12:6)
The order of the verses that speak about the laws of a woman who gives birth, gives rise to a question:
After the Torah details the offering that the woman brings, it seems to end the topic with the verse "This is the law of one who gives birth to a male or to a female." But then the following verse returns to speak about the offering of the woman who cannot afford the original offering. "But if she cannot afford a sheep, then she shall take two turtledoves…"
What is the meaning behind this?
Rabbi Sar Shalom of Belz zt"l answered that here we have an explicit proof in the Torah that according to the law and according to what is fitting, the Jewish people should be blessed with plenty. For when the Torah tells us "This is the law of one who gives birth" – this is the ideal situation of the woman – that she is able to afford the offering of a rich person. According to the Torah, each woman who gives birth should have plenty for all her needs. And if it should happen sometimes that "she cannot afford", this is already not according to the Torah…
On the same lines, the 'Sfat Emet' says that it is customary to be lavish with the feast of the brit milah, in order to bring down parnassah for Klal Yisrael, for the words "This is the law of the one who gives birth" are written straight after the offering of the rich one who gives birth, to tell us, "This is the law of the one who gives birth" – this should be the practice.
The Goal of Tzara'at
"If a tzara'at affliction will be in a person, he shall be brought to the Kohen" (Vayikra 13:9)
Why does it say, "he shall be brought", meaning he doesn’t go by himself but he is brought by someone else? Why does it not say that he comes to the Kohen?
The book 'Bnei Yosef' explains this according to the Chazal that the cause of tzara'at is a person's sins, and therefore he needs to go to the Kohen who speaks to him with words of reproof so that he should repent.
When one who has tzara'at goes to the Kohen, his intention is to seek healing. But the Torah's intention was primarily that he should go to the Kohen in order to be purified from his sin, since this was the entire purpose of the affliction. Therefore, the verse says "he shall be brought to the Kohen", for according to the purpose of the affliction, he is brought against his wish to the Kohen so that he should learn to repent. If not for the tzara'at he wouldn’t go to the Kohen to hear words of admonition and rebuke. Therefore it says "and he shall be brought"; the affliction brings him, by force, to hear words of reproof from the Kohen.
Hashem has Mercy on a Person's Honor
"He is a person with tzara'at, he is contaminated; the Kohen shall declare him contaminated; his affliction is upon his head" (Vayikra 13:44)
Rabbeinu Chaim Ben Atar zya"a wondered, why does it say איש צרוע הוא , "He is a person with tzara'at", and not in the way that it was described until now - "it is a tzara'at affliction"?
He explains that the description "tzaru'a" is a noun and is more shameful and humiliating than if the Torah had testified about him that he has a tzara'at affliction. This teaches us that this person, through his bad deeds, is despised by Hashem to the extent that he is punished with tzara'at.
We should consider that the other kinds of afflictions come to a person in concealed places, since Hashem has mercy on the honor of His creations and even when they are fitting to be punished, he punishes them in a way that they won't be disgraced in other people's eyes.
But this man, who is so despised by Hashem, is afflicted on a place that is exposed to everyone: "in his posterior or frontal baldness", so that everyone can see that he is despised and repulsed both by Hashem and people.
Repentance from Deep Within the Heart
"The Kohen should look after the affliction has been washed, and behold! – the affliction has not changed its color" (Vayikra 13:55)
Rabbeinu Ya'akov Abuchatzera zt"l brings in his work 'Pituchei Chotam', that if a person who stumbles and sins, understands that he didn’t behave correctly and accepts upon himself to change his ways and follow on the correct path from then on – fortunate is he and fortunate is his lot. This attitude can be compared to a garment that becomes stained and is then washed.
But the decision to change his ways, and his acceptance for the future, is clearly only part of the mitzva of repentance. Still, "the affliction has not changed its color" - the sin has not been wiped away and annulled as long as the sinner has not completed his repentance, which requires honest regret and confession of his sin.
This is what the verse is hinting at: "You shall burn it in fire" – with regret that comes from the depths of his heart.
Men of Faith
Paying for His Life
Rabbi Chaim Hakatan once met a person by the name of Chaim Cohen in the street. He promptly warned him, “I know that you plan to travel today by bus. Your bus will encounter a fatal accident and all the passengers will be killed. I advise you to donate some of your money for tzedakah, since ‘tzedakah saves one from death.’ In this way your life will be spared.”
“If what you say is true, then why doesn’t the honorable Rav warn all the passengers of the bus, so that everyone should be saved?” Chaim inquired of the tzaddik.
Rabbi Chaim explained, “None of the other passengers will believe me. Therefore, I am only telling this to you and offering you a way to save yourself.”
This is exactly what occurred on that day. The bus veered off a high cliff, and all the passengers were killed on the spot, except for Chaim Cohen, who was saved from death in the merit of the money that he gave for tzedakah.
Another anecdote on this topic:
The tzaddik Rabbi Chaim Hakatan once met a Jew called Yichye Cohen. Rabbi Chaim informed him, “I know that you have in your pocket such and such an amount of money. Give me money for tzedakah, and you will still have a certain sum left.” Rabbi Chaim named the exact amount that would be left for him.
Yichye questioned, “If I give the honorable Rabbi so much money, I will not have enough left for all my needs.”
The Rav promised him, “A blessing will rest on the money that will remain, which will benefit you and all your descendants.”
Yichye Cohn did as the Rav requested. Ultimately, the blessing of the tzaddik was fulfilled. Yichye Cohn died as a wealthy man at a very old age, and merited that his descendants were wealthy as well.
This is the reward for placing one’s trust in a tzaddik, as it says, “And they had faith in Hashem and in Moshe, His servant.”
Food for Thought
Difficult to Control their Mouths
During a shiva, Maran Harav Ahron Leib Steinman zt"l turned to the visitors and asked them, "Do you know the meaning of the words that we say every day at the end of the amidah prayer "My G-d, guard my tongue from evil"? Why do we pray that Hashem should guard our mouths; the person himself must guard his mouth, just as he guards himself and is careful not to cause harm? Harav Steinman answered that there are people who have a sharp tongue and cannot keep their mouths closed. They are always ready with some retort; they have something to say about everything…
These people require a special prayer that Hashem should guard their mouths so that they shouldn’t say something inappropriate.
Ideally, a person should wait five minutes before expressing what he wishes to say, but Hashem fashioned it that our words flow immediately, for the sake of Torah learning!